Telephone system.



PATENTED OCT. 23, 1906;

No. 833,866. v I

' 0. V. BEAV R.

TELEPHONE SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

8N @N sx EN IQH THE Mom": Pzrnu 6a., WASHINGTON, n. c.

' TELEPHONE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

mus PIITII: cm, wnnmuibn, n. c.

83) Q FL!" m 7% N0- 833,866. A PATENTED OCT. 23, 1906.-

' G. V. BEAVER.

TELEPHONE SYSTEM. APPLICATION rnnn AUG.19, 1904.

5?" M l v I 7* 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

I as to the diflerent kindsof lines theymay use,

a UNITED srn r ns PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES V. BEAVER, OF ANITA, IOWA.

TELEPHONE sYsT-EM.

. My invention relates to telephone systeris," e-

direct-line connections, as made in and tween different telephonesystems,.regardless by attaching the lines to and connecting themthrough the several contacts and leads of. their several switches oftheir several switchboards, with their different line connections andattachments, signal-receiving devices, and telephonic instruments, asmade between the two several distinct sides of the circuits of thedifferent kinds of lines that may be used in telephone systems.

The object of my invention is to provide means wherebysuitabledirect-line oonnections may be made between the two sides of thedifferent kinds of lines that may be used lines they may be or thenumber of switches through which they are connected; by which .a singletelephone may be used through a direct connection with any one or moreof the several lines entering the same switchboard, regardless as to the"kind of lines they may be; by which two or more of any kindof'telephone-lines attached to a switchboard may be connected to a localtelephone set, and thereby be properly connected together direct; bywhich any two or more lines in one or more telephone systems may beswitched together direct and indiscriminately, regardlessas to the kindof lines they may be, and talked over perfectly, considering the'numberof telephones and the kind of lines thus connected. v

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, of which-Figure 1 shows the two sides of the circuit Specification of LettersPatent.

in the same or different telephone systems,

- Patented. Oct. 23,1906.

Application filed August 19,1904. Serial No. 221,429.

, of a single-Wire line, a double-wire line, and

another single-wire line in close proximity ready for connecting. Fig. 2shows the same properly connected. Fig. 3 shows the same improperlyconnected. Fig. 4 shows the two sides of the circuit of a single-wireline,three double-wire lines, and another single-wire line in closeproximity ready to be connected. Fig. 5 shows the same properlyconnected. Fig. 6 shows the same in one sense properly connected and inanother improperly connected. Fig. 7 shows the same improperlyconnected. Fig. 8 shows the two sides of the direct circuits of one ofthree common-returncircuit lines, a double-Wire line, and another ofthree common-return-circuit lines in close proximity ready to beconnected. Fig. 9 shows the same properly connected. Fig. 10

shows the same improperly connected. Fig.

11 shows the two sides of the circuits of one of threecommon-return-circuit lines, a singlewire line, and another of threecommon-return-circuit lines in close proximity ready to be connected.Fig. 12 shows the same properly connected. Fig. 1'3shows the sameimproperly connected. Fig. 14 shows the two.

sides of the circuits of one of three commonreturn-circuit lines, asingle-wire line, a double-wire line, another double-wire line, an othersingle-wire line, another double-wire line, and another one of threecommon-returncircuit lines in close proximity ready to be connected.Fig. 15 shows the same properly connected. Fig. 1 6 illustrates the samedirect-line connections as made through my preferred switchboard byswitching the two several 1 sides of two ormore lines, regardlessofkind, onto a local lead or a local telephone set at the same time andby switching two or more lines, regardless of kind, together byotherswitches. Fig. 17 shows how the different kinds of lines commonly usedin and for connecting different telephone systems together, with orWithout telephones installed thereon, may be properly connected directthrough seven of my preferred switchboards by two or more lines beingswitched onto the local lead or the local telephone set of eachswitchboard at the same time, while lines 1 and 2 of each switchboardare connected by another switch, in each, in accordance with Fig. 16.Fig. 18 shows practically these same directline connections made betweenthe wires that form or are connected to the, two sides of these samedifferent circuits of these different kind of lines, with telephonesinstalled thereon, and their connection with the local leads of thedifferent local telephone sets.

Generally speaking, there are two sides to every telephone-line, betweenwhich one or more telephones may be bridged. In connecting the difierentkinds of telephone-lines that may be used in and for making directconnections between different telephone systems one side of every line,regardless of kind, must be selected for becoming the principal or mainside of that part of the circuit formed by said line when any two ormore other lines are connected therewith, and the other side ofevery'line must be'used for the inferior or auxiliary side of that partof the circuit formed by said line when any two or 'more other lines areconnected therewith.

In connecting these different kinds of lines direct by the differentswitches of the different switchboards in the same or differenttelephone systems they must be so attached to and connected by thedifferent switches of their different switchboards that the sides of thedifferent lines selected for the principal or main side of the circuitto pass on are connected, and the sides selected for the auxiliary orinferior side of the circuit to pass on are connected when the lines towhich. they belong are switched together, regardless as to the number orkind of lines they may be or the number of switches of the differentswitchboards by which they are connected.

' One, or the principal side of the circuit of all lines formed byconnecting two or more dif- 'ferent kinds of lines together, should bewell protected from all outside electrical disturbances or influencesand made of a good con ductor of electricity, while the other side ofsaid line may be inferior in many respects and be directly connectedwith many minor electrical disturbances without materially interferingwith the usefulness of the line thus formed for telephoniccommunication, as the resistance of the different telephones bridgedbetween the two sides of the circuit of the said formed line stand guardagainst.

the electrical disturbances on the inferior side, passing to theprincipal or the superior side thereof, regardless as to the number oftelephones or the kind of lines that may thus have been switchedtogether or the number of switches or switchboards 'said line.

used. in forming Ordinarily there is no difference which side of adouble-wire line is selected for the principal or main side of thecircuit to pass on; but should one wire become grounded or partiallygrounded or electrically disturbed either part or all of the time, aswill sometimes occur, the better side must be selected and connected tothe better side of the other lines when they are switched together forthe principal or superior side of the circuit of the line thus formed topass 011, and

the other side of the same lines must be connected when said lines areswitched together for the inferior side of the circuit of the line thusformed to pass on in order to have the best results in connecting thedifferent kinds of lines that may be used in telephone systems direct.Should the side of any doublewire line in use for the principal orsuperior side of the circuit to pass on become electrically disturbedwhile the other side remains clear, the attachments of the two sides ofsuch a line should be reversed in all the switches which it enters inorder to have the best results in these direct-line connections. Thesedirect-line connections can be made by any switchboard through and bywhich the superior side of the different kinds of lines can. beconnected together, and the inferior side of the different lines can beconnected to gether when the lines to which they belong are switchedtogether.

While there are no switchboards shown in the accompanying drawings, atplaces indicated by S S S, &c., it will be readily understood that aswitchboard serving these and any other interconnecting lines may alsoserve any desired number of local lines at these several indicatedplaces and be the means through which these direct-line connections aremade and also the means through which any number of lines, regardless ofkind, attached thereto may be connected direct to gether, as hereinafterdescribed, and that such a combination is fairly well sh own in Figs.16, 17, and 18.

Line 1, Fig. 1, is a single-wire line, and like all othertelephone-lines there are two sides to the circuitthe wire or L side andthe ground or G side-between which one or more telephones may bebridged, and like all single-wire lines the line-wire or L side of thissingle-wire line is the part or side of the line which must direct theundulations of this or any other circuit of which it becomes a partthrough the telephones installed thereon. Therefore in direct-lineconnections this the wire side of a single-wire line, with the side ofone or more lines connected there with, is of necessity the main orprincipal side of the line thus formed, while the grounc or G side ofthis single-wire line is the part or side of the line which can be usedonly for the return-circuit of this or any other line of which it maybecome a part to pass on. Therefore, this the ground side of asingle-wire line, with the side of one or more other lines connectedtherewith, is of necessity the auxiliary or inferior side of the linethus formed, which may be directly in fluenced by many minor electricaldisturbances which must pass through the resistance of the telephonesinstalled on said formed line before interfering with their usefulnessfor telephonic communication. With these ideasin view it will be readilyunderstood that the L side of line 1* or the line-wire side sea'eeef ofthis or anyother single-wire line'andv the side of any and all otherlines connected. di-

telephone systems together to choose one side of every line as themainvor principal side thereof, which I will-designate by the L I recttherewith ;is the-only side of the line thus formed that can be used todirect the electrical flow or undulations therein to and side, andconnect them together for .the main'or principal side of the circuit ofp the line thus formed to pass on, and to connect the other or inferiorside of said lines, which Iwill designate bythe G side, direct, when thelines to which theybelong are switched together for the inferior orreturn side of the circuit of the part of the line thus the wire of thedouble-wire line 2 chosen for,

formed to pass on, and in this specification and accompanyingdrawings Iwill designate the main or principal side of lines, leads,

switches,and' instruments by the letter L, andlthe inferior or auxiliaryside of lines, leads, switches, andinstruments by In connecting lines1*,2, and 3- at s and. s we have no choice as towhich sides of lines 1fand 3 we will choose as their prin-' cipal or Lsideor their inferior orG side; but in line 2 we have a choiceto make, as this is 'a'double-wireline, and either side of this or any otherdouble-wire line maybe used asthe main or L side or the auxiliary or G side; but if there is anydifference in the two sides the best results will be obtained bychoosingthe better for the main'or L side and the I poorer for the inferior or Gside.

have it shown, we have chosen the upper wire for the principal or L sideand the lower wire for the auxiliary or G side, and in switching theselines together direct the L wires or L sides of theselines must'beconnected,"and the G wires or the G sides of these lines must beconnected, when we'have a line as represented in Fig. 2, the principalor L side of which is formed by the line-wires of the single-wire lines1 and 3 and the'wire chosen'for'the principal or L side of thedouble-wire line 2 while the return-circuit of the line, thus formed ismadethrough the ground over which lines '1 and 3 pass, and

v thus'connected. Any desired number of As wenow single-wire lines maybe connected to this formed line with the same result, so long as theirline-wires or L sides are connected to the L side-of this line'and theirground or G sides are connected to the G side of this line. Had thesedirect-line connections been carelessly made as to the side of thedifferent lines that were connected with each other, we would likelyhave had a line similar to that shown in Fig. 3. This kind of a line canbe talked over by induction between the two line-wires forming the twosides of the doublewire line 2"; but the electrical disturbances of theground are directly connected of the ground, which must greatlyinterferewith said lines usefulness for telephonic communication andcreate a demand for some means by which a still line may be made out ofone thus formed.

In Fig. 4 we have two single-wire lines 4 and 8 and three double-wirelines 5*, 6 and 7 in close proximity ready to be connected at 8 s, 8 ands, and in connecting them direct we have no choice as to which of thetwo sides of the single-Wire lines we will use as their rincipal or Lside or their'inferior or G side; ut in each of the double-wire lines wehave a choice to make, and in order that we may have the best resultsitmust bethe superior of the two sides (if one side of either is etterthan the other) of each line for the principal or L side and theirinferior sides (if one side of either is inferior to the other) fortheir G side, which in these, as well as all other double-wire lines,may be either side, as both may be equally good or bad; but we havechosen the upper wire of each line as the L side and the lower wire asthe G side, and in connecting these two single-wire lines and thesethree double-wire lines direct their L wires are connected together andtheir G wires are connected together, when we have a line, asrepresented in Fig. 5, with two sides, between which the desired numberof telephones can be severally bridged anywhere on the line andtalkedover perfectly, considering the kind of lines and the number oftelephones thus connected. To this line may be connected any desirednumberof single-wire lines with the same-results, so long as theirline-wires or L'sides' are connected to the L side of this line andtheir ground or G sides double-wire line 6*. Therefore so far as thisparticular circuit is concerned there is no difference which of the twoseveral sides of the line 6 is connected to the chosen side of each ofthe two several lines 5 and 7 a but and its G side is connected with theG side of line 6 the main side of our first-formed circuit is groundedon the G side of the last con nected line or lines and the L side of thecircuit formed by the last connected line or lines is grounded on the Gside of the firstformed line, which makes a line with all theobjectionable features of that represented in Fi .3.

L both sides of the double-wire lines 5, 6 and 7 a are exactly equal,which theroretically they are, it makes no difference which side ofeither is selected as the L side or the G side, or, in other words,which of the two several sides of each is connected to a certaindistinct side of the other, and this has led to the idea that it makesno difference which of the two several sides of each of two or moredouble-wire lines is connected with a certain side of each of the otherwhen they are 0011- nected'together, or, in other words, which of thetwo several sides of one double-wire line is connected to certain of thetwo several sides of another while the fact remains that one side ofeach of two or more certain double-wire lines that are wont to beconnected together often from various causes becomeinferior to theother, when it may make a very great difference which of the two severalsides of one of these certain lines is connected to a certain of the twoseveral sides of anotherfor instance, one side of a doublewire line maybe grounded and good service be had thereon, also one side of another,and both of them may be in a telephone system with only double-wirelines, and they may be switched together with the grounded wire ofeither line connected to the good wire of the other, which practicallydisables the line thus formed, while had the good sides of these linesbeen connected together and the grounded sides been connected when theywere switched together the service over a line thus formed would havebeen good. Therefore it may make a very great difference to which sidedouble-wire lines are connected, even in a telephone system where onlydouble-wire lines are used. Therefore there canonly good come to thedouble-wire lines used either in or for making direct connectionsbetween the different kinds of lines or more other lines and theinferior side or sides of one or more lines with the inferior side orsides of one or more other lines when the lines to which they belong areswitched to ether.

in Fig. 7 lines 4, 5, 6 7, and 8 are properly connected, except at s,where the L sides of 6 and 7 are connected to the G sides of each otherwhen a line is formed with all the objections that can be had from bothsides of a line being directly connected with the ground. However, ifboth sides of these double-wire lines are exactly equal to each otherdirect connections between their two sides will make a very good line ifonly one single-wire line is connected therewith at a time regardless asto which of the two several sides of any of the said lines are connectedwith either of the two several sides of another when they are switchedtogether.

If lines 4? and 8, Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, give good service withtelephones bridged between their line-wire L and the ground G, overwhich they must pass, the ground over which they must pass must becomparatively still or electrically undisturbed, while the ground overwhich the double-wire lines 5*, 6 and 7 pass may be greatly disturbed bydifferent electrical influences, which cannot interfere with theusefulness of the telephones installed thereon, as they are bridgedetween the two sides or wires of these double-wire lines, and theelectrical disturbances of the ground over which they pass have no wayby which they can come in contact with either side of these lines,whether they are used separately or connected into one circuit. Neitherwill the electrical disturbances of the ground over which thesedouble-wire lines pass interfere with a line formed by properlyconnecting lines 4, 5, 6 7, and S together direct, and as the groundover which lines 4 and 8 pass is comparatively still, and this is theonly ground that helps make the return-circuit of a line thus formed, itwill surely give good service through the direct connections of theproper sides of these different lines, brought about by properlyswitching them together.

In Fig. 8 there are line-wires 9 10, and 11, with a common return-wireG, and as this wire is used by all three of these lines as areturn-circuit wire it is subjected to direct electrical disturbancesfrom each of these three lines and is not good for the main side of thecircuit to pass on. Therefore it is the G side of all three of theselines, while the line-wire of each necessarily forms the L side of eachof these three lines, and there can be no choice as to which shall bethe L side in this kind of lines, and like all common-return-circuitlines the line-wires must be chosen as the main or L sides and thecommon-return-circuit wires as the G sides of these kind of lines whenthe best results are tobe had by direct connections. There are,also'lines 13*, 14 and with a common return-wire G.

Of the foregoing lines 9*, 12 and 13 or main sides of lines 9 and'12 aredirectly wire of lines 13*, 14, and 15 while the line wire or L side ofline13 is directly connect: ed with the electrical disturbances thatmay. be in the common return-wire of lines 9*, 10 and 1 1*, while in aline as represented in Fig. 9 themain or L side of the line is protectedfromthe electrical disturbances of the com monreturn-circuit parts orthe G side of this line by the ohmic resistance of the telephonesbridged between the two sides of a line thus formed.

In Fig. 11 the common-return-circuitline 16, the single wire-line 19 andthe com-,

, mon-return-circuit line 20 are in close proximity, ready to beconnected, and Fig. 12

shows them properly connected, while Fig. 13 shows them improperlyconnected. In Fig. 13 the main or L-sideof lines 19 and 20 are directlyconnected to and influenced by the electrical disturbances that may bein the common-return-circuitlines 16 17 and 18 and the line-wireor Lside of line 16 is directly. connected to and influenced by theelectrical disturbances of the ground, while in Fig. 12 the principal orL side of these lines is protected-from the electrical disturbances thatmay be in the common re.- turn-circuits and the ground by the resistanceof the telephones bridged between the L and G sides of'a line thusformed.

In Fig. 14 a common-return-circuit line 23*, a single-wire line 26*, twodouble-wire lines 27 and 28 a single-wire line 29 a double-wire line 30and a common-returncircuit line 31 are in close proximity, ready to beconnected, while in Fig. 15 they are properly connected. -After properlyconsidering these direct-line connections between the two sides of thedifferent kind of lines that may be used in telephone systems it willbereadily understood that there is at least one general plan bywhich alllines, regardless of kind, maybe connected direct by the differentswitches of the different switchboards of the same or differenttelephone systems,

and the telephones on the line or lines thus formed work perfectly,considering the number of telephones andthe kind of lines thusconnected, and the plan is this: Choose one side, which should bethesuperior side (if one side is better than the other) of all linesregardless of kind, and so attach them to and I connect them by thedifferent switches of the different switchboards of the same ordiffermore of the lines to which they belong are switched together byone or more switches they will be connected, and so attach the other (ascompared to the first chosen) side, which should be the inferior side(if one side is poorer than the other) ofall linesregardless of kind toand connect them bythedifferent switches of the different switchboardsused in the said telephonesystem that when:

the lines to which they belong are switched together by one or moreswitches they will be connected, thereby retainingthe' side which 1'these lines, which is the best side of a'line it is formed by connectingthe better sides of is possible to obtain through the lines thusswitchedtogether for the main side-of the circuit to pass on from and by whichto direct the undulations or electrical "flow through the differenttelephones connected between this the main side of the line thus formedand the side of this same line formed by connecting the other or poorerside of these difierent lines together, which makes the best possibleline obtainable by direct ,ent telephone systems that when any two orline connections between the two sides of two I or more telephone-linesregardless as to the number or kind of lines they may be or the numberor kind of switches through which .they are connected.

As Fig. 16 represents the workings of my preferred switchboard, it willbe readily understood that any kind of a line that can be used intelephone systems may be attached to my preferred switchboard, asline 1,so long as its G sides is connected to lead 35 and its L sides to lead38, and that it makes no difference what kind of a line is attached tomy preferred switchboard, as line 2, so long as its G side is connectedto lead 41 and its L side to lead 44, or, as line 3, so long as its Gside is connected to lead 62 and its L side to lead 65, or, as line 4,so long as its G side is connected to lead 91 and its L side to lead 94,or, as line 5, so long as its G side is connected to lead 170 and its Lside to lead 172, or, as line 6, so long as its G side is connected tolead 171 and its L side to 173. With the different lines thus attachedto my preferred switchboard if any one or more of said lines areswitched onto the telephone X their several G sides are connected to itsG sideand their several L sides are connected to its -L side, therebyproperly connecting all lines di rect that are switched onto thetelephone X l if line 4 is also switched onto the telephone X- at thesame time, its G side is connected to the G side of the telephone X bylead 91 and thereon.

1 wires 92 and 24, and its L side is connected to the L side of thetelephone X through lead 94 and wires 95 and 26, whereby lines 1 and 4are both connected onto the telephone X and their G wires are connectedthrough wire 24,

may be, or the number of telephones installed If'line 3 is now alsoswitched onto the telephone X, its G side is connected to the G' side ofthe telephone X, through lead 62 and wires 63 and 24, while itsL side isconnected to the L side of the telephone X through lead 65 and wires 66and 26, thereby properly connecting lines 1 ,4,and 3 direct andinstalling ing the telephone X on the line thus formed. It will bereadily understood that line after line may be added with like results,which can be extended to any desired number of lines by extending thenumber of individual line-switches in the switchboard. If lines 1 and 2are switched together by another switch, their L sides are connectedthrough the L side and their G sides are connected through the G side oflead 1 2. If lines 3 and 4 are now connected through another switch,their G sides are connected through the G side and their L sides areconnected through the L side of lead 3 4, and while lines 3 and 4 arethus connected lines 4 and 6 may be switched together by another switch,which connects their sides through the G side and their L sides throughthe L side of lead 4 6, thereby properly connecting lines 3, 4, and 6direct regardless as to the kind of lines they may be or the number oftelephones that may be installed thereon. Thus any desired number oflines may be properly connected direct by one switchboard regardless asto the kind of lines they may be or the number of telephones that may beinstalled thereon. Thus we see how these direct line connections may bemade through my preferred switchboard by two or more of said lines beingswitched onto the telephone set X at the same time or by being switchedtogether by other switches.

While Fig. 16 illustrates how these direct line connections may be madebetween the sired number or kind of telephone-lines that may be attachedto and connected direct by any desired number of the same or diflerentkinds of switchboards that will properly switch the desired sides ofdouble-wire lines together, so that the desired number of telephonesinstalled on the desired number and kinds of lines attached to one ormore of the same or difi erent kinds of switchboards may constitute acomplete telephone system, whereby any two or more telephones installedon any two or more of the said telephone-lines, regardless of kind, inthe entire system may be placed in telephonic relation to each other bytheir lines being connected direct with each other through oneswitchboard or by being connected direct through or with one or moreother telephone-lines by two or more switchboards, with the followingresults: that all lines thus formed have two sides between which anydesired number of telephones may be severally bridged at their severaldesired places; that the better side of all telephone-lmes which have asuperior side are connected and help make the better side of a line thusformed, while the inferior side of all lines which have an inferior sideare connected and help make the inferior side of the line thus formed;that the superior side of any line or all lines thus formed doesparticularly direct the electrical flow or undulations tnrough thetelephones installed thereon, while the inferior side of any line or alllines thus formed is the returncircuit side of the said telephone lineor lines that the better side of any line or all lines thus formed isthe best possible route that can be obtained through or over the linesthus connected over or through which the electrical flow or undulationscan be directed through the telephones installed thereon, while theinferior side of said formed line or lines is the next best route thatcan be obtained through or over said connected lines, which makes thevery best route obtainable for the return-circuit of said formed line orlines to pass on, which must make the very best line that can be hadthrough the said connected lines; that the inferior side of a line thusformed may be influenced by many minor electrlcal disturbances withoutmaterially interfering with said lines usefulness for telephoniccommunication; that the telephones installed on any line or all linesthus formed stand guard against any minor electrical disturbance thatmay exist on the return-circuit side of said formed line or linespassing to the superior side of said formed line or lines, which verymaterially aids said line or lines in being the very best line or linesthat can be had through the lines thus connected, if one side of any ofthe connected lines is in any way inferior to the other, even if all aredouble-wire lines; that in a line thus formed the ground is only usedIIO o I they are switched together.

for the return-circuit where the electrical disturbances are so slightthat a single-wire line is practical, as where the electrical conditionofthe ground is such that double-wire lines are used one of saidline-wires will be used for 'theprincipal side of the circuit ofsaidformed line to pass on, while the other will be a used for '7 theVreturncircuit; that where double-wire lines alone are thus connectedthe superior side of all lines (if one side of any is betert thantheother) thusswitched together are connected and make a superior sidefor'the line. thus formed, while the-inferior side of all lines (if oneside of any is inferior'to the other) are connected for thereturn-circuit side of said formed line; that the superiorside of a lineformed by switching the better side of the two or more double-wire linestogether is the very best sideobtainable through said connected lines,while the inferior side of said formed line is the next best side thatcan be had, and is therefore the best sidethat can be had-through thesaid connected lines for the return-circuit of said formed line, whichnecessarily makes it the verybest line that can be had by connectingsaid double-wire lines together direct; that in thus-connecting a numberof double-wire lines where two or more of said lines have aninferiorside we prevent the inferior side of said lines, from beingconnectedinto and be coming-a part of both sides of the formed line, (which islikely to happen when there is no attention paid as to which of the twosev- 3 5 5 v -to a'certain of the two several. sides of aneral sides ofone double-wire line is connected otherwhen two or more double-wirelines are connected together,-) and thereby interfere with itsusefulness for telephonic communication; that all the telephonesinstalled on the, different lines in a mixed telephone system maybeconnected by thus connecting all the lines direct through all theswitchboards, thereby forming a line throughout the full extent of theentire system, as re resented in Figs. 17 and 18, with the most avorableresults for telephonic communication, consider ing the number oftelephones and the kind of lines connected, regardless as to the numberof switches or switchboards through which Having thus described myinvention, what I'claim as'new, and desire to secure byLetters Patent,is a 1. In telephone systems;,for makin direct line connections in, andbetween, dlfferent telephone systems, regardless'of the different kindsof lines they may be; means for connecting a certain, distinct side ofeach, of

certain one or more double-wire lines and the better side of each, ofcertain two or more of other kinds of lines, together; thus completingthe principal side of the line formed thereby, when any two or more ofsaid lines are connected together.

2. In telephone s'ystemsffor making direct line connections in, andbetween,,different telephone systems,regardlessof the different kinds oflines theymay be; means for connecting a certain, distinct side of each,of one or more certain double-wire lines, which superior to the other,and the better side of each, of certain one or more other kinds oflines, together; thus completing the principal side of the line formedthereby, when any two or more of said lines are connected together. I I

3. In telephone systems; for making di-' rect line connections, 1n, andbetween, differ ent tele hone systems, regardless of the different kindsof lines they may be; means for include the better where one side of anyis connecting a certain, distinct side of each, of

ferent kinds of lines they may be; means for connecting a certain,distinct side of each, of'

one or more certain double-wire lines, which include the better, whereone side of any is superior to the other, and the better side of each,of certain oneor more other kinds of lines, together, and connecting theother side of each of said different lines, together; thus completingthe circuit of the line formed thereby, when any two or more of saidlines are connected together. I

5. In, and between, telephone systems where different kinds of lines areused; means for connecting three or more lines, whereby a. certain,distinct side, which includes the better side of each where one side ofany is superior to the other, shall be connected, and the other side ofthese said same lines shall be connected, when-any three or more of saidlines are connected together,

v CHARLES v. BEAVER. Witnesses: I

ALBERT G. CoNLEY, JULIAs HANsEN.

